Quick Summary / Key Takeaways
OPT (Optional Practical Training) allows F-1 visa holders to work in the U.S. after graduation.
Apply 90 days before graduation and no later than 60 days after.
USCIS typically takes 2–3 months to process OPT applications.
You must receive an EAD card before starting work.
Keep documents organized and consult your school’s DSO for guidance.
Introduction: Why You Should Understand OPT Before You Apply
If you're an international student in the U.S. on an F-1 visa, you've probably heard about OPT (Optional Practical Training) as your next step toward gaining real-world work experience. But when should you apply? What documents do you need? And how long does it take? In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know about applying for OPT, especially for tech workers across California, New Jersey, Texas, and other major job hubs.
What Is OPT (Optional Practical Training)?
OPT is a temporary employment authorization that allows eligible F-1 students to work in their field of study for up to 12 months (with a possible 24-month STEM extension for qualified programs).
It provides a legal pathway to gain work experience while maintaining F-1 status. Most students apply for Post-Completion OPT, which starts after you finish your degree.
Also Read: OPT for F1 Students: Everything You Need to Know
When Should You Apply for OPT?
USCIS has strict timelines. Here’s what you need to know:
Filing Window:
Earliest you can apply: 90 days before your program end date
Latest you can apply: 60 days after your program end date
Important: USCIS must receive your application within 30 days of your DSO issuing your OPT I-20.
Step-by-Step: How to Apply for OPT
Step 1: Request OPT Recommendation from DSO
Meet with your school’s Designated School Official (DSO).
Submit the OPT request form (often found on your school’s portal).
DSO will update your SEVIS record and issue a new I-20 with OPT recommendation.
Step 2: Prepare and Submit Form I-765 to USCIS
Submit Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization) either online via your USCIS account or by mail.
Checklist: Documents Required for OPT
• To apply for OPT, you will need:
• Completed Form I-765
• Copy of your OPT-recommended I-20 (signed by DSO within 30 days)
• Copy of F-1 visa and passport (valid for 6+ months)
• Copy of most recent I-94
• Two passport-sized photographs
• Filing fee ($520 as of 2025)
Optional: Form G-1145 for electronic notifications
Prior EADs (if you had CPT or previous OPT)
Keep everything neatly organized and submit high-quality scans or originals (based on USCIS submission type).
Also Read: Maintaining Status While on OPT
How Long Does OPT Take to Be Approved?
USCIS Processing Time:
Standard processing: 2–3 months
No premium processing available for OPT (as of 2025)
When Can You Start Working?
Only after receiving your EAD card, and on or after the start date printed on it.
Plan accordingly, especially if you're targeting job opportunities in time-sensitive tech roles.
Real-Life Scenario: Anjali's OPT Journey in New Jersey
Anjali, a Master's student in Data Science at a university in New Jersey, applied for OPT 85 days before her graduation.
Her school took 5 days to process her OPT I-20.
She filed Form I-765 online immediately.
USCIS took 70 days to approve her OPT.
She received her EAD card just in time to join a startup in Hoboken.
Key takeaway: Applying early and tracking progress helps avoid unnecessary stress.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can I work before receiving the EAD card?
No. You must wait until your EAD card arrives and your OPT start date begins.
What if I change my address after filing?
Update your address through your USCIS online account or by filing Form AR-11.
Can I apply for jobs while waiting for OPT approval?
Yes, you can apply and attend interviews, but cannot start working until you have your EAD.
How do I know if I qualify for the STEM OPT extension?
If your degree is in a USCIS-approved STEM field and your employer is E-Verify compliant, you're eligible for a 24-month extension.
Questions to Ask Your DSO or Immigration Attorney
When is the earliest I can apply for OPT based on my graduation date?
How soon can I expect my I-20 with OPT recommendation?
Should I apply online or by mail?
What if there’s a delay in USCIS approval?
Conclusion:
Applying for OPT is a critical step in your U.S. career journey. To avoid delays:
Start early (90 days before graduation)
Gather all required documents
Track your application with USCIS
Don’t begin work until your EAD card is in hand
Whether you're preparing to work in Austin, San Francisco, or Hyderabad (for stamping), planning ahead is key to a smooth transition.
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