Key Takeaways
• OPT (Optional Practical Training) is a work authorization for F1 visa holders in the U.S.
• It allows 12 months of work post-graduation, with an additional 24-month STEM extension for eligible degrees.
• Students must apply up to 90 days before and within 60 days after their program end date.
• The process includes getting a recommendation from your DSO and filing Form I-765 to USCIS.
• Timely filing and correct documentation are critical to avoid delays.
What is OPT for F1 Students?
Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a temporary employment authorization granted by USCIS to F1 international students in the U.S. It allows students to work in jobs related to their field of study either during or after completing their degree.
OPT helps students gain hands-on experience and bridge the gap between education and employment, particularly as they transition to work visas such as the H1B.
Types of OPT
1. Pre-Completion OPT
• Used while you’re still studying.
• Can work part-time (up to 20 hours/week) during school, or full-time during breaks.
• Time used for Pre-OPT is deducted from Post-OPT eligibility.
2. Post-Completion OPT
• Used after completing your degree program.
• Can work full-time for up to 12 months.
• Most F1 students choose this path.
3. STEM OPT Extension
• Additional 24 months for STEM degree holders (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics).
• Employer must be E-Verify registered.
Also Read: Applying for OPT: Steps, Documents Required, and Timeline
Who is Eligible for OPT?
You are eligible if:
• You are in valid F1 visa status.
• You have completed at least one full academic year.
• Your job is directly related to your major.
• You have not used more than 12 months of full-time CPT.
OPT Application Timeline
Step | When to Do It |
|---|---|
Request OPT from DSO | Up to 90 days before program end |
USCIS Filing | Within 30 days of DSO recommendation |
Latest Filing | Up to 60 days after program end |
USCIS Processing | 2 to 4 months (approx.) |
You cannot begin working until you receive your EAD (Employment Authorization Document) card.
Checklist: Documents Required for OPT Application
• Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization)
• Copy of your Form I-20 with OPT recommendation
• Copy of your passport, visa, and I-94
• Two U.S.-style passport photos
• Filing fee (currently $470 for online filing as of 2025)
• Any previous EAD cards if applicable
• Optional: Cover letter for clarity
Also Read: The STEM OPT Extension: Eligibility and Application Process
Real-Life Scenario: Anjali’s OPT Journey
Anjali, a Master's student in Computer Science in New Jersey, applied for Post-Completion OPT two months before graduation. She submitted all documents on time, and her EAD arrived in 70 days.
She received two job offers in Texas and California. Since both were in software development (matching her degree), she accepted one and started working smoothly on OPT.
Later, she applied for the STEM OPT extension and received another 24 months of work authorization.
Key Lesson: Filing early, selecting a job aligned with your major, and tracking deadlines are critical for success.
Important Rules to Remember
• You must report employment status to your DSO.
• You cannot be unemployed for more than 90 days on Post-OPT, or 150 days during STEM OPT.
• If you change employers, you must update SEVIS and follow all reporting rules.
• OPT jobs must relate directly to your major—this is often verified by USCIS.
FAQs About OPT for F1 Students
Can I work multiple jobs on OPT?
Yes, as long as each job is directly related to your major and is reported in SEVIS.
Do unpaid internships count as OPT employment?
Yes, if the work is directly related to your field of study.
What happens if my OPT is denied?
You may lose the right to work and may need to exit the U.S. unless other options like H4, CPT, or another F1 program are available.
How long does it take to get my OPT EAD?
Typically 2 to 4 months. Processing times vary based on workload and USCIS service center.
Also Read: Maintaining Status While on OPT
Questions to Ask Your DSO or Immigration Attorney
• When should I request OPT recommendation?
• Can I work while my OPT is pending?
• What is my best option if my EAD is delayed?
• Am I eligible for STEM OPT based on my degree?
STEM OPT: A Bonus for Tech and Engineering Students
If your degree falls under STEM-designated fields, you may qualify for a 24-month extension beyond the initial 12-month OPT.
STEM OPT Requirements:
• Employer must be enrolled in E-Verify
• Submit Form I-983 training plan
• Apply for extension before OPT ends
• Maintain employer supervision and submit evaluations
This makes STEM OPT highly valuable for Indian-origin tech workers who may be preparing for H1B transfer or filing in future years.
Also Read: Transitioning from OPT to H1B: What to Expect Important Considerations
Conclusion:
OPT for F1 students is one of the most important benefits of studying in the U.S. It allows you to build real-world experience, strengthen your resume, and explore long-term opportunities like the H1B visa.
Plan early, follow deadlines, and keep your employment aligned with your major. If eligible for STEM OPT, you could extend your U.S. work authorization to a full 3 years after graduation.